Codling moth can build up on fruit left on trees after harvest.  This problem is more serious on pome fruits (Bartlett pears, early-maturing apple cultivars) that are harvested early.  Fruit removal can help reduce the population of overwintering larvae.

The number of available cocooning sites can limit population build-up of codling moth.  Dwarf apple trees have smoother bark and fewer cocooning sites on the trunk than standard-size trees on seedling rootstock.  The number of cocooning sites is not a limiting factor on old large trees with rough bark.  A shift of the fruit industry to younger and smaller, smooth-barked trees will lessen the codling moth problem on apple and pears.  Therefore, codling moth control should be easier to achieve in younger orchards.

Ground cover is an important component of the orchard ecosystem.  A diverse groundcover maintained in the drive row increases ecosystem stability.  Plant species which are favored hosts of twospotted spider mite and other potential tree fruit pests should be avoided, and those which provide food (nectar) for hymenopterous parasitoids of codling moth and of other pests encouraged.  There are many complex interactions between pests and natural enemies that can occur in a cover crop.  There has been little research on these interactions, indicating a data gap in understanding of the pome fruit agro-ecosystem.  Manipulation of habitats adjacent to an orchard, such as hedgerows, or cultivation of native plants may provide refugia for natural enemies of pests promoting an early colonization of orchards and improving probabilities for biological control.  As with cover crop manipulation, the utilization of managed habitats bordering orchards has received little attention in the west and both aspects offer a rich area of research.