Integrated Codling Moth Management
Phenology Models
Since 1976, the Predictive Extension Timing Estimator (PETE), a generic
phenology model, has been applied to 12 deciduous tree fruit pests and
evaluated or used in ten states in the U.S. Estimated current benefits
using PETE models are $1.2 million per year in the ten states, but benefits
were expected to rise to over $30 million per year (Croft & Knight
1983). Adaptation and validation of PETE models for the codling moth are
available (Jorgensen et al. 1979, Brunner & Hoyt 1982, Beers &
Brunner 1991). A summary of the status of PETE for codling moth in the
various fruit-producing states is shown in Table 1.
Phenology models mainly have been used to better time insecticide applications,
thus improving control and reducing inappropriate use of chemical controls.
As monitoring becomes a more important component of intensive IPM programs,
phenology models will be used to help schedule these activities (reducing
control decision errors because of incorrectly timed samples) and reducing
monitoring costs.
Table 1. Development, validation, and utilization of the
PETE systems for management
of the codling moth on deciduous tree fruit pest species in the
U.S.A.
| Fruit Producing State |
Development |
Validation |
Utilization |
| California |
|
X
|
X
|
| Colorado |
|
X
|
X
|
| Maryland |
|
X
|
X
|
| Michigan |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| New York |
|
X
|
X
|
| North Carolina |
|
X
|
X
|
| Oregon |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Pennsylvania |
|
X
|
X
|
| Utah |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Washington |
|
X
|
X
|
|
Based on Croft & Knight, 1983
|
